What causes corns
Corn forms when skin experiences repeated friction and pressure, usually from ill fitting shoes or rigid activities. Over time, the outer skin thickens into a hard, raised patch that can press on nerves and cause aching. Foot anatomy also matters, including high arches, flat feet, or toe crowding that concentrates force on a small area. Diabetes and neuropathy increase injury risk, so early attention is essential.
Dermatology recommendations note that children and athletes who wear fast fashion footwear or frequently go barefoot on hard surfaces are particularly prone. Even moisture and sweating can soften skin, making friction more likely to create a corn. Detecting a corn early helps prevent thickening and related discomfort. A dermatologist can distinguish corns from warts or calluses and recommend appropriate steps.
Noninvasive corn care
Self care for corn focuses on reducing friction and moisture to slow thickening. Regular exfoliation with gentle pumice or a chemical keratolytic such as salicylic acid can soften the plaque. Padding, cushioned insoles, and properly fitted shoes divert pressure away from the affected area.
Avoid aggressive files or blades that can injure the skin and invite infection. If you have circulatory problems or neuropathy, consult a clinician before attempting self treatment. Dermatologists may advise custom strategies, including protective taping or orthotics.
Laser and cryo options for corn
When conservative care fails, dermatology offers targeted approaches to remove the corn safely. Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy freezes the lesion causing controlled destruction of the thickened skin. CO2 laser ablation can precisely shave the corn while sparing surrounding healthy tissue.
Choice depends on corn size, depth, and patient tolerance for downtime. A clinician evaluates skin condition and may combine modalities with post care instructions. Early intervention is important to prevent recurrence and preserve normal foot function.