Melasma and Pigment Spots
Melasma is characterized by symmetrical patches of darker skin, most often on the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip, and can be challenging to treat. Sun exposure, hormonal changes during pregnancy or with birth control, and genetic factors all contribute. In Korea, dermatology clinics report a wide variety of pigment spot patterns, reflecting individual skin responses to sun, hormones, and genetics.
Topical brightening agents such as vitamin C, niacinamide, and tranexamic acid are commonly used. Professional approaches include laser and light-based therapies that target pigment with minimal downtime and high precision. A combination of sun protection, gentle skin care routines, and targeted lightening agents is often essential for durable improvement.
Causes and Risk Factors
Melasma arises from a mix of genetic predisposition, sun exposure, and hormonal influences. People with darker skin types and a family history are more prone. Environment, such as long-term UV exposure, climate, and lifestyle factors, can amplify pigment formation.
Protective measures like broad-spectrum sunscreen, protective clothing, and avoiding peak sun hours reduce risk. Hormonal changes during pregnancy or while taking certain medications can trigger new spots and complicate existing ones. Understanding individual risk helps tailor skincare and treatment plans.
Keratosis Pilaris Texture
Keratosis pilaris, often abbreviated KP, describes keratin buildup that creates small rough bumps. Many people notice this texture on the arms and thighs, and it can coexist with facial pigment issues. The condition is common in diverse populations and tends to run in families.
Gentle exfoliation with alpha hydroxy acids or beta hydroxy acids helps loosen keratin and smooth skin. Moisturizers containing ceramides, glycerin, and urea restore the barrier and reduce roughness. Addressing KP texture can improve the evenness of visible pigment when applying skincare or makeup.