Melasma causes and types
Melasma presents as symmetric brown patches on sun-exposed areas such as the cheeks and forehead. It often arises from a combination of sun exposure, hormonal fluctuations, and genetic predisposition. In Korea, clinicians distinguish epidermal, dermal, and mixed melasma to tailor treatment plans.
Understanding pigment depth guides whether topical agents or energy-based therapies will be more effective. Epidermal melasma tends to respond well to topical lightening agents and retinoids, while deeper pigment may require energy-based treatments. Like tending pots in a sunny room, steady protection and gradual improvement yield lasting results.
Laser options for melasma
Energy-based therapies in Korea include q-switched and picosecond lasers that target pigment with minimal downtime. Q-switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm is commonly used for epidermal pigment and can reduce surface spots without deep tissue damage. Picosecond lasers, available in many clinics, aim for pigment disruption with shorter pulses and potentially fewer sessions.
Discomfort and risk vary by skin type, and clinicians tailor settings to minimize rebound. Staged approaches, combining lasers with topical agents and strict sun protection, are frequently employed in clinical practice. Close monitoring over several weeks helps ensure steady progress and safety.
Melasma daily care
Sun protection is essential in every melasma management plan, with broad-spectrum SPF 50+ and daily reapplication. Topical agents such as vitamin C, azelaic acid, and retinoids can support lightening when used under medical guidance. Maintaining a gentle skincare routine helps restore the skin barrier and reduce irritation.
Regular follow ups with a dermatologist help adjust treatments as pigment responds and ages. Avoid aggressive exfoliation and harsh peels that can worsen inflammation and trigger rebound. Consistency in daily care, much like tending pots, yields gradual, sustainable improvements over time.